P2PPCB Composer F360 20240409 is now available.
Key decals of XDA and Choc V1 are still odd if your display scale is not 150%. I'd like to wait until Autodesk adds decal API. I think I cannot make it good for all scales without the API.
P2PPCB is and should be hand-soldering free. And I need trackpad modules for my project. I2C capable trackpad modules on the market are:
That's all.
Both have FFC connector. So I made two Qwiic-to-FFC adapters for them. Connecting FFC is hand-soldering free, and connecting Qwiic is hand-soldering free. FFC is bundled to the kit.
Qwiic-to-FFC adapter for Azoteq TPS43/65 after Dec 2022, with overlay for TPS43/65
Qwiic-to-FFC adapter for Cirque 12-pin trackpad
CAUTION: Trackpad module itself is not bundled.
One more thing. DigiKey or Mouser sells Azoteq TPS43/65, but they don't have overlay. So I made the overlays for them.
The material is 3M DI-NOC PS-999.
Have you touched a recent Windows laptop? The trackpad can do inertial scrolling, just like smartphones or MacBook. I feel this is a must-have feature of trackpads. But QMK_firmware doesn't have it yet. So I investigated the problem area and wrote some codes on QMK. Today I'd like to share the knowledges from the experience with you.
The key is Windows Precision Touchpad. It is also known as PTP (Precision Touchpad Protocol). It is implemented in Windows 8.1. 11 years ago! It is still sketchy but the only way to get inertial scrolling trackpad on Windows. We should manage to do with the sketchy points of PTP.
The comprehensive document from Microsoft is here: Windows Precision Touchpad Implementation Guide
The codes on QMK is here: GitHub diff
In short, PTP is a special "Digitizer" of USB HID. It tells the geometric and physical positions of fingers on the surface of the trackpad. In contrast, "Mouse" of USB HID tells the moved counts. QMK's pointing device is such a thing. The "geometric and physical position" might look unnoticeable but fatally important idea of PTP. Mouse is based on "count". The difference is fatally important.
Some fancy mice can change speed with their switches. The implementation is simple. Just multiplying counts by speed. But in PTP, it is a completely different game because PTP handles inches or centimeters (physical quantity!), not counts. PTP keeps the trackpad dimensions and the fingers should not go out of the bounds. If we just multiply the centimeters by higher speed, there is no way to avoid overflow! And there are many other subtle but show-stopping problems. The dimensions of the trackpad are written in USB HID report descriptor. If a trackpad want to change the dimensions, resetting USB is the only way. And QMK is not prepared to such hack. Resetting USB requires resetting MCU, and much more... Can you hear the sound of the Rube Goldberg machine?
The Rube Goldberg machine might be more larger than you imagine now. Windows requires to edit the registry and reboot to change the two-finger scrolling speed (see here). It reminds me the MS-DOS era. Windows Precision Touchpad is still sketchy after 11 years. But there is no other way. It is no surprise that MacBook increased the market share in the past decade. The speed changing feature of trackpad is a must-have in such environment.
I don't send PR of PTP codes to QMK for these problems. QMK is already a maze of #ifdef macros. Adding a Rube Goldberg machine is not a good idea. Maybe someday Microsoft will fix the sketchy points after decades of neglect. Otherwise, instead of fixing the problems, Microsoft will discontinue Windows itself. (This will happen in our lifetime, I think. Windows is not a profitable business anymore for anyone, just like Solaris. Microsoft invests almost nothing to make it profitable after two decades, and it is a good decision. We are living in the waning days of PC. Microsoft cannot save PC.)
Anyway Windows barely can do. macOS? No, nothing. There is no way to implement third-party inertial scrolling trackpads. This is why we haven't seen any third-party trackpads for macOS for the past decade. On macOS, an USB PTP trackpad works just as a plain old pointing device which emulates a mouse.
I also investigated Linux. It can do with PTP. Two-finger scrolling is available. But not inertial, so far.
The PTP document from Microsoft is very long, but lacks some critical informations.
In other words, we must use unique VENDOR_ID / PRODUCT_ID pair for PTP. Usually we don't care about VENDOR_ID / PRODUCT_ID pair while debugging. It is not OK when we debug PTP device. You can erase the history by USBDeview.
Excerpt from Sample Report Descriptors:
The value itself is 16-bit but Physical and Logical Maximum should be 32-bit width.
Excerpt from Sample Report Descriptors:
The document says it is optional. But in my experience, it is mandatory. If a HID report descriptor lacks it, Windows becomes BSOD. Just always set UP (false) in the report.
I tried to get the complete picture of Linux USB HID stack from the source code, but failed. I couldn't find the origin of SET_FEATURE request in the source code. The knowledge below is fragmental from my experience.
We should not use Tip Pressure if we need to do with Linux. I couldn't find the advantages of Tip Pressure in Windows.
Let's see several points of my codes.
The codes in quantum/pointing_device/ of QMK is not available for PTP. I implemented just Azoteq IQS5xx.
As I wrote above, the speed changing feature is a Rube Goldberg machine. It requires non-volatile memory to save speed value.
This is for the speed changing feature. As I wrote above, I need to change the HID report descriptor dynamically.
Quick hack. If the magic number collides to other values in the array, it will be a disaster.
RDY line is good for fast response and power savings. If you dare to do without RDY line, see pointing_device_driver.c.
If you are going to make a precision touchpad with Azoteq IQS5xx, there is no problem. Merge the code above to yours.
If not Azoteq IQS5xx, it can be cumbersome. But there is no such multi-touch trackpad module on the market (ICs are a lot. Module is rare). Then you are going to design your own trackpad module. So cumbersome but easy for you.
If you are going to implement another USB HID protocol (there are quite a lot of vendor specific protocol!), get an USB Sniffer box. I bought this one. I don't believe that I could wrote the code above without the box.
QMK is perfect for ATmega32U4, i.e. Pro Micro. But now, we need new codebase for 32-bit MCUs like Cortex-M0+ or RISC-V. With their rich computing resources, initializing after MCU reset can be much richer. It can add much more flexibility to keyboard firmware design and reduce the complexity of codes. C is going to be obsolete in the long run. Zig is a good candidate to replace C in this area.
USB HID lacks good support for programming. HID report descriptor should correspond to the report struct, but no tool can check the correspondence. In the ecosystem of C, such a tool is hard to maintain and use. Zig looks promising in this viewpoint.
I'll participate in an exhibition. In March 2, 2024, at 東京都立産業貿易センター台東館 (Tokyo Metropolitan Industry and Trade Center Taito Building), the name of the exibition is キーボードマーケット トーキョー（キーケット）.
The figures below are the flyers for the exibition. No English version, sorry.
Kailh Choc V1 switch has a dedicated stabilizer, but it is plate mount. Making plate and PCB both is costly and cumbersome. P2PPCB can do with it by just a frame.
How does it work? P2PPCB frame has snap jaws to hold the parts.
I wrote a lot about prototyping in P2PPCB NTCS ReadMe. So I'll leave the example of prototyping over there, and praise prototyping here.
I am old enough to have been through the dot-com bubble. I read the bubblehead writers of pulp magazines wrote about "idea". In the age "idea" looked enough to make a success. Do you remember "business method patent"? Hahaha... Yeah "business method patent" was a superior idea to make money for the patent firms! But, of course, the patent firms did their jobs to make money by the idea. Their jobs were excellent. Otherwise, who would have taken such an idea seriously?
Today we re-realize the fact that a good idea is a shadow of good jobs. Someday we may forget the fact again, but so far, we know it.
I cannot list sufficient conditions of a good job. But I know a necessary condition of it: high quality interaction.
The list above is a kind of quality. I guess that you are thinking "this is just a kind". Yes, the list above lacks the interaction with physical reality.
The list above is another kind of quality. This is also just a kind.
Make a prototype: good,
If your idea is something like "business method patent", you don't need to make a prototype. Otherwise, if it has something to do with physical reality, prototyping will give you irreplaceable quality of interaction.
Prototyping is iterative. As you iterate, you will find a better idea than the original one. A good idea is a shadow of good jobs.
As discussed in the previous posts, the best one-size-fits-all keyboard is chiclet style. For XXS for XXL size person, one-size-fits-all is not the best. Let's define such a body size for me.
Able-bodied. The hand size is normal. Not required to type super-fast. A heavy user of keyboard shortcuts. Required to type symbols much (i.e. hit number row keys and Shift keys often). No need to read the keytop legends.
The features for the body size:
Shorter key pitch makes the keyboard smaller. Hitting number row keys is also easier. Many studies suggest 17 mm pitch doesn't harm speed or error rate compared to 19 mm.
How many millimeters should the travel be? Long travel like traditional 4.0 mm is a bad habit from the non-electric typewriter era. Recent traditional looking keyboards have shorter travel than 4.0 mm. Long travel worses finger interference and typing speed. However too short travel causes poor experience. Where is the best?
Most chiclet style has 1.2 to 2.5 mm. Apple makes around 1.0 mm and I hear constant complaints for years. The best number should fall in 1.5 to 3.0 mm. A study suggests 2.0 mm. I think this is true from my experience.
R4-R3 has long step, and R3-R2 and R2-R1 has short step. R0 (nearest row) keytop angle is quite steep. Like the figures below:
I love the undulations of the step and keycaps. Chiclet style looks dull.
My Golden Fleece will have these features.
You might notice my Junana keycap cannot do 2.0 mm travel yet. AFAIK on the market there is no switch that has MX stem and 2.0 mm travel. I believe that the market of low profile switches will go to 2.0 mm travel soon. 3.2 mm is apparently too long for ergonomics yet.
